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In an industrial furnace, the heat transfer process through the furnace lining is that the heat of the hot flue gas in the furnace is transferred to the furnace wall through radiation and convection. In the furnace lining, the heat is transferred from the inner wall to the outer wall in the form of conduction.Effect of Vacuum Annealing on Alloy Sheet When calculating the heat transfer of the furnace lining, in order to simplify the calculation, the following assumptions are generally made according to the actual situation: The heat conduction of the lining is stable, that is, the heat flow (or heat intensity) does not change with time;Vacuum oil quenching and tempering spring steel wire The heat conduction of the furnace lining is one-dimensional, that is, the heat is only transferred along the normal direction of the isothermal surface; The thermal conductivity of each layer of material is constant and equal to the thermal conductivity at the average temperature of the temperature on both sides of each layer of material;Ceramic-To-Metal Vacuum Brazing Services The contact between the layers is so good that the contact surfaces of the two layers have the same temperature. When designing the furnace lining, the heat-resistant and heat-insulating materials are generally pre-selected according to the operating temperature (hot surface temperature) of the industrial furnace, and then the cold surface temperature is selected to determine the thickness of various materials to meet the system design requirements.Flux-free Vacuum Brazing of Aluminum Alloys